Market segmenatation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Market segmenatation - Essay Example Consumers from similar market segments also respond in the same manner to market fluctuations. Basis on which market segmentation is done includes gender, income, age group, marital status, and occupation (Yankelovich, 2004: p86). Based on gender, the marketer will divide the consumer market into smaller sub-sets with regards to gender. Women and men possess different preferences and interests, which necessitates segmentation (Yankelovich, 2004: p87). Businesses and organizations should carry out different strategies in marketing when selling products to male consumers, which would not be as effective with female consumers. Men will normally not buy products that the business markets to men while females would not buy male-marketed products. Gender-based market segmentation is vital in various industries such as apparel, footwear, cosmetics, and footwear. Age-group segmentation, on the other hand, is division of the market based on the target audience’s age bracket. Obviously, the manner in which a business markets products to teenagers will be different to how they market them to young children or adults. Examples of age-based segmentation include toys and sweet foods to those under ten years, apparel and music to those between ten and twenty years, and anti-aging products, magazines, and cosmetics to those over the age of twenty (Yankelovich, 2004: p87). ... For example, Shopper’s Stop, Carrefour, and Pantaloon market their products to high-income groups while Big Bazaar, Reliance Retail, and Vishal Retail market products to individuals in the lower age bracket. Market segmentation can also be done according to marital status of the people within the market population. For example, tour operators and travel agencies have holiday packages for married couples and different packages for unmarried women and bachelors. Finally, market segmentation is also done according to the occupation of the target consumers. People working in offices have needs that are different to those who go to college or high school, as well as people who are retired. One example of occupation-based market segmentation is the fact that T-shirts with witty and raunchy messages would not have a market among retirees, whereas it would be, when among college students (Beane & Ennis, 2007: p24). Summary Businesses are able to attain a competitive edge through focus on specific market segments in their marketing efforts. The concept of market segmentation has to do with the use of market research in the identification of the ideal client and market for the business (Boote, 2011: p31). Using market segmentation, a business can develop different profiles for its customer base. The first profile is geographic profiles where customer segmentation is done according to their geographic location. Small enterprises like pizza shops have a target market that lives within a ten-kilometer radius of its location. Business owners, therefore, can target customers using door hangers on all businesses and houses in the area advertising a special offer. The second one is demographic profiles, which refers to

The Award Phase - You Decide Essay Example for Free

The Award Phase You Decide Essay Unfortunately the catering business did not generate the expected profits therefore you are in the process of dissolving the business. You have no use for the high quality cooking equipment that was leased for the catering business. You assume the chefs will continue in the cooking business and can use the equipment. It would be all right with you if they took over the lease. You understand there is no charge to remove your names from the lease agreement. However, you think the best all around solution is to terminate the lease for the kitchen equipment. You also do not think that the chefs deserve the capital because they caused the business to fail. You need to recoup as much as your investment as possible to open an alternative venture. You recently began to look at the possibility of opening a flower shop, although you have not yet done extensive planning for it. To do so you need capital. How will we split the $15,000 left in the investment? To be fair to our partners we will use the same capital distribution that was used at the beginning of the investment, Chris and Pat Smith, put $25,000 and the chefs put $10,000 up to total $35,000 for 100% of the shares. Each share is worth $350, therefore we own 55. 5% of the company while the chefs own $45. 5%. We are down to $15,000 in working capital, which has to be split amongst the partnership. If we split this capital according to the ownership percentage, we should receive $8,325 and the chefs should receive $6,675. We do not think the chefs deserve this share because they caused the business to fail due to elaborate high-cost dishes being sold at a low-price. Also we will need capital for our new flower shop venture; therefore we will give the chef’s $3,000 and keep the remaining $12,000. As negotiation leverage we will use the kitchen equipment lease agreement options. We cannot use the kitchen equipment in our flower shop, but it could be useful for the chefs to continue business. How to handle the lease on the kitchen space, which has 18 months more to run? We will need a rent space for our flower shop, and the store front of the catering business is large enough for us. The chef’s will want to keep the space because of the kitchen that is attached and the established business and customers who are familiar with the location. Therefore we should offer them to amend the lease in their name only and they should pay the $500 cost for this amendment. This would be the best solution due to the dissolve of the business relationship and difference in management styles. How to handle the lease on the van, which has 18 months more to run? We can use the van leased for our flower shop deliveries therefore we will keep the van. We will remove the chefs names from the lease for the van and offer them that we will pay the $500 for the amendment cost. To eliminate termination fees and to also redefine responsibility correctly for the van, this is the best option for our exit strategy. How to handle the lease on the kitchen equipment, which as six months more to run? All in all, you think it is better to leave the lease alone and just promise the chefs that you pay it rather than pay the fee for changing the names on the lease, terminating it, or paying the fee to assign it to them. You are concerned that if they took over the lease and then later could not make payments, you would still be responsible. We cannot use the kitchen equipment in our new flower business, so this makes a good negotiation point for us. Since the chefs will continue in the cooking business we will offer them to amend the lease in their name only in return of getting more capital for our new business. They can keep the kitchen equipment lease in their name if they agree to be paid $3,000 from the capital. This would be the best solution due to the dissolve of the business relationship and the chef’s getting the kitchen space. In conclusion for our exit strategy meeting with the chefs we will dissolve the business $15,000 in capital distribution; $12,000 will go to the entrepreneurs and $ 3,000 to the chefs. In regards to the well known store front, the chefs will take over the lease and pay $500 to amend the names. The van will go to the entrepreneurs and they will take over lease and pay $500 to amend the names. On the equipment the chefs will have immediate use for it and will take over the lease in conjunction with the kitchen space. We feel this is the most fair and best breakdown of the investment for both parties to move forward successfully.

The Great Gatsby Essay -- Literary Analysis, F. Scott Fitzgerald

The Great Gatsby as a Representative of the Jazz Age The notorious portrayal of the 1920s is often characterized as an era of abundant prosperity, lavish lifestyles, and â€Å"new aged† philosophies. This image, however, was only the surface of a skewed decade filled with deep cultural discord. Underneath all the glitz and glamour of the racy flappers and the fiery jazz bands was a dueling battle of old school Victorian ways versus new aged America (Mintz). This glorious â€Å"jazz age,† as Mr. Fitzgerald put it himself, was â€Å"an age of miracles, and age of art, an age of excess, and it was an age of satire† (Sickles). After WWI ended in 1918, The American society experienced an abrupt age of economic and cultural miracles (McDougal Littell Inc 425). What was once a country in great turmoil and despair had rapidly become a country rising into power, wealth, and prosperity. With this great change also came an enormous transformation of the American way of life (412). Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby captured this transformation exceptionally well with its representation of east egg and west egg, as symbols of societies ever-changing cultural views (Fitzgerald 101). Fitzgerald’s â€Å"eggs† were two land masses in New York’s Long Island Sound that were separated by a small bay of water. Although they were only a short distance away from each other, the two eggs served as social barriers which were not to be crossed (9). The east egg was reserved for New York’s aristocratic social class that had been brought up in the pre-war Victorian era. It represented the ma ny wealthy family chains who wanted to keep their elite social status and way of life the same, like how it was before WWI (10). The west egg, however, was home to a new breed of Ame... ...s. Tom and Daisy showed their true colors, by using their social status and the power of money to bail them out of the inevitable truth: their cowardice was to blame for Myrtle and Gatsby’s untimely deaths (Fitzgerald 187). Instead of showing Mr. Gatsby the decency of appearing at his funeral, they simply moved to another home to forget their shameful past (172). Every Saturday Jay Gatsby threw elaborate parties filled with crowds of people, yet at his funeral none of his â€Å"friends† were there (Richards). This coincided with the 1920s hedonistic way of life. None the less, â€Å"Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us†¦ tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther†¦. And one fine morning- So we beat on. Boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past† (Nick Carraway, qtd. in Fitzgerald 189).

Culture Shock in Japan Essay

Culture is a condition of confusion and anxiety affecting a person suddenly exposed to an alien culture or milieu. There are many different ways to experience culture shock. It can be experienced across the world or as near as one’s backyard. Many Americans would venture that they consider themselves very culturally accepting. Often, when these same Americans travel abroad, they experience culture shock. It is not always a negative thing. Often to some American coming to Japan and adjusting to life in Japan can be difficult, since even the most mundane things could be done differently than they would have been done in the U.S, so here are some basic facts of Japan. And remember be patient. Home. When entering a Japanese home you are expected to remove your shoes before stepping up from the entry area into a Japanese home known as the genkan. There in the genkan you must change from outdoor shoes into indoor slippers. When entering the genkan, you have to remember to step out of your shoes, and step into the house proper. Then you must turn around, kneel or bend down, and turn the outdoor shoes around so that they face the door, ready to be slipped into again when they leave. This custom is also required in many traditional Japanese restaurants, all department store dressing rooms, temples, and a few other businesses. On an extra note it is wise to buy clean socks since you will be taking off your shoes when you enter homes or some resteraunts. And you don’t want to embarrass yourself with dirty socks. Food. In the U.S many people carry their lunches in lunchboxes, but in Japan people use Bento boxes which are pre-prepared lunches, sold in every convenience store in Japan or brought from home. Usually a bento box consists of a box divided into several sections, containing perhaps, noodles, rice, pickles,  meat or fish, and maybe a little fruit. If there is a need to heat their lunches almost all stores also have a microwave so that you can heat the bento in the shop. When traveling to Japan one must be aware of the proper way to eat. In the U.S slurping is generally considered rude, so it is useful to know that the Japanese people consider it correct to slurp whenever eating noodles, ramen or soup etc. By making slurping when one eats their soup or noodles is considered to be polite, also by slurping you compliment the person who cooked it. More than that slurping serves a practical purpose, as noodles, ramen etc, are often served very hot, slurping draws air into the mouth which helps to cool the food as well as bring out the flavor. Knowing how to use chopsticks can make life in Japan a bit easier, but you have to remember the certain etiquette that concern using chopsticks. Just as there are good manners when it comes to using a knife and fork in the west, the Japanese have definite rules of thumb when it comes to using chopsticks. Don’t point at people with your chopsticks, move plates with them or wave them or stick them. Do not stick chopsticks into your food, especially not into rice. Only at funerals are chopsticks stuck into the rice that is put onto the altar. Education. Education in Japan is similar to that of the education system in the U.S, since it was adopted based on the U. S education system by the Japanese after World War II. But some things are quite different. If you are a parent sending your child to school in Japan, there are some key facts you must know In Japan competition for entering a good University is fierce, for that reason many student start at a young age go to Juku, which are cram schools, parents send their kids to, so that they have a better chance of doing well on University exams. In Japan if you are able to go to a good University than the chances of a good and stable job is quite high. It quite common for kids to finish school then go at night for 2 to 3 hours to a cram school. Hygiene. When bathing Japanese style, you are supposed to first rinse your body outside the bath tub with some water from the tub, using a washbowl. Afterwards, you enter the tub, which is used for soaking only. The bath water tends to be relatively hot for Western bathing standards. If you can barely enter, try not to move much, since moving around makes the water appear even hotter. After soaking for a while, leave the tub and clean your body with soap. Make sure that no soap gets into the bathing water. Once you finished cleaning yourself and rinsed all the soap off your body, enter the bath tub once more for some more soaking. After leaving the tub, do not drain the water, since all household members will use the same water. There are three types of toilets commonly found in Japan. The oldest type is a simple squat toilet, modern Western-type toilets and urinals and the state of the art is bidet toilets However traditional toilets are usually the most common type in most public places, universities, restaurants etc. The tradition toilet is known as the squat toilet, it essentially looks like a miniature urinal rotated 90 degrees and set into the floor. Most squat toilets in Japan are made of porcelain, though in some cases (like on trains), stainless steel is also used. Instead of sitting, the user squats over the toilet, facing the wall in the back of the. A shallow trough collects the waste, instead of a large water-filled bowl as in a western toilet. In Japan, being clean is very important; the bidet toilet is like the western flush toilet. While the toilet looks like a Western-style toilet at first glance, there are a number of additional features, such as blow dryer, seat heating, massage options, water jet adjustments, automatic lid opening, flushing after use which are included either as part of the toilet or in the seat. These features can be accessed by a control panel that is either  attached to one side of the seat or on a wall nearby, often transmitting the commands wirelessly to the toilet seat. For an American coming to Japan for the first time, the squat toilet or the bidets could be quite a shock and could take some time getting used to. Gambling entertainment. If you want to gamble in Japan you must remember that gambling is illegal so to compensate there is the wildly addicting game known as Pachinko a type of vertical pinball machine. The winnings are in the form of more balls, which the player may use to keep playing or exchange for prizes such as pens or cigarette lighters. Cash cannot be paid out according to Japanese law, but players can then exchange certain prizes for cash at small centers located nearby, but separate from the parlors. In America there are cartoons and comic books in Japan there are manga and anime. Remember when reading manga or any Japanese book, guide for the matter, you must start at the â€Å"last† page and work â€Å"backwards†. The same applies to the panels within the pages. They should be read right to left, not left to right. Transportation. In Japan, cars drive on the left side of the road and have the driver’s seat and steering wheel on the right. And unlike the U.S which has a minimum driving age of 16, the legal minimum age for driving in Japan is 18 years. While you are waiting for the train to arrive, you stand in politely in neat rows, calmly waiting for your train. When the train arrives, the first rule you must bear in mind is that no matter how crowded it looks, there will always be room for one more. If you have any doubt about the above rule, there’s a white gloved attendant ready to shove you in. Then, once you get one the train, you must remember certain rules. Don’t drink coffee in the morning, save drinking anything for the ride back home. The morning rush hours peak on weekdays between 8am and 9am, while the evening rush hours are more spread out and commence around 5pm. Rush hours are most extreme in Tokyo, but also pretty heavy in Japan’s other major cities. So if you plan on riding the train it is best to go before rush hours. As you stay in Japan you as individual can learn to grow towards multicultural perspectives and develop alternative futures for his or her self, thus making his or her self a more culturally accepting person.

Stuttering Paper

According to Singular's Pocket Dictionary of Speech-Language Pathology â€Å"stuttering is an articulatory or phonatory problem that typically presents in childhood and is characterized by anxiety about the efficacy of spoken communication, along with forced, involuntary hesitation, duplication, and protraction of sounds and syllables. † Stuttering can be witnessed in the rate, pitch, inflection, and even facial expressions of a speaker. The cause of this problem is not set in stone, which leads to countless theories as to why people stutter. Along with numerous theories as to why people have this disorder, there are also limitless treatment methods that can be used to help a speaker with a stuttering problem. Stuttering has been a controversial topic among professionals for hundreds of years, and we are still learning what works and what does not work for this curious disorder. The etiology of stuttering is not certain to this day. Many professionals are torn between the psychological and neurological theories as to why people stutter. There are many theories which explain stuttering as a psychosomatic problem that can be dealt with by using psychotherapy. The â€Å"Repressed Need† hypothesis explains that stuttering is a neurotic symptom which is fixed in the unconscious. The repressed need is said to come from a longing for either oral or anal gratification. The stutterer is able to satisfy their anal erotic needs by the â€Å"holding back of words that may represent a hostile expulsion and retention of feces. † This theory is closely related to Freud’s Oral and Anal stages. Some theorists believe that stuttering is caused by the â€Å"Anticipatory struggle†. The anticipatory struggle hypothesis explains that p63 â€Å"stutterers interfere in some manner with the way they are talking because of their belief in the difficulty of speech. † The stutterer is so frightened of making a mistake during speech they in turn avoid, brake, or interject their words and sentences. Stuttering is thought to be a variant disorder, meaning it can affect a person in certain situations that bring them great anxiety or fear. Using a phone and speaking in front of a group of people are examples of this . Although many signs point to a psychological explanation for stuttering, genetic and neurological problems have also been tied to stuttering. Early theorists, like the Roman physicians believed stuttering was related to an imbalance of the â€Å"four humors†, and humoral balance treatments were used to treat stuttering until the late eighteenth century. A more modern explanation of a neurological problem that causes stuttering would be the â€Å"cerebral dominance theory†, that explains conflict between the two hemispheres of the brain is the cause of stuttering. Stuttering has many different types of specified dysfluencies. Although there are hesitations and interruptions found in all speakers, the disfluency found in stutterers seems to be more severe. There are several forms of dysfluencies when dealing with stuttering including interjections, repetitions, and revisions. A stutterer can encompass one or many dysfluencies ranging from minor incidents to very extreme episodes of stuttering. Interjections occur frequently in both fluent speakers and dysfluent speakers. An interjection occurs with the speaker uses â€Å"uh† or â€Å"er† while speaking. Repetitions also are common for stutterers. Repetitions can occur in part of the word ,† wh wh what† in the entire word, â€Å"what what what† and in phrases, â€Å" what do what do what do you want? † Revisions during sentences such as,†I was, I am going† also happen often, along with broken words; I was t—alking, and prolonged sounds like the â€Å"wa† sound in what are also usual in stuttering. Like other speech disorders, stuttering mainly occurs in children who show no evidence of having any other type of disorder. Stuttering comes in many shapes and forms and can be slight to extremely severe, making the all characteristics of this disorder always subject to change. Stutterers encompass hesitation, interruption, revisions, broken words, and prolonged sounds in their speech making it hard for people to follow. While most of the characteristics of a stutterer are only apparent when listening to them speak, there are also many secondary characteristics a stutterer may have. The secondary characteristics vary from person to person, however most of them occur in the face or hand motions. Visible characteristics include tension in the face, which can be seen when the speaker is talking and their face seems to turn sour and flushed. Stutterers also may frown, jerk their head, move their eyes erratically, or wrinkle their foreheads during a speech interruption. Stutterers show secondary characteristics in their hand movements and gestures as well. When stutterers feel tension which is usually caused by frustration of speech, they sometimes react by waving their arms and hands. This can sometimes help the stutterer to get out a word, phrase or sound they are trying to express. Vocal abnormalities are also present in some stutterers, including abnormal inflections in tone, and sharp pitch level shifts. A person can begin to stutter at any time, however most cases are recorded at a young age; most frequently between the ages of two through six. An estimated fifteen million individuals world wide, including three million Americans stutter. A child can be diagnosed from eighteen months, when words starts to progress into more fluent speech. The median age of onset according to a study done by Daley (1955); which included fifty young stutterers recorded that the median age of onset was 3. 87. Occurrence becomes less frequent with age, and seems to be tied to the development of language. Although there are millions of stutterers in the United States most of them will â€Å"recover† by adulthood. According to Andrews and Harris’s (1964) research that included 1,000 stutterers; 79% of children will stop stuttering by the age of sixteen. Boys are three times more likely to develop a stutter then a girl would according to the 3-1 ratio concluded by â€Å"US Nationwide, 1-12† Hull el at (1976). Assessing a stuttering disorder can be done in many ways including, recognizing the frequency of the specified disfluency type, calculating the mean duration of stuttering, speech rate, and articulation of the person’s speech. When measuring the frequency of the stutter, the speech pathologist can try to account the percentage of moments of stuttered words or syllables. This is a popular way of diagnosing a stutter, since it is easily reportable. Speech pathologists can use electronic counters to measure the number of syllables stuttered during a speech session. A speech pathologist can also evaluate a patient by checking their speech rate. Checking a speech rate is done by the examination of abnormalities in the respiration, like disordered breathing, and phonation, such as breath holding. A professional can also make assumptions on a patient by listening to how long a stuttering block lasts for. An average duration of a stuttering block is one second, and in some severe cases of stuttering a block can last for an entire minute. When dealing with the treatment of a speech disorder like stuttering, the patient has many options, which may or may not work for them. Since stuttering usually begins at a young age, behavior therapy has been a popular method of treatment that may halt the progression of stuttering in children. In behavior therapy for early stutterers, the clinician can recommend the child to speak slower and smoother by teaching them a relaxed pattern of speech. Modeling and mimicking are excellent ways to help a child with a stutter to over come their impediment. Psychotherapy is another modern way of treatment among professionals. Psychoanalytical therapy can help the stutterer to over come their anxieties of speech, and give them the confidence that they lack. Speech therapists play a role in the treatment of stuttering by helping the patient modify their speech patterns. It seems that most stutters are able to talk in song, so the speech pathologist can teach the patient to speak rhythmically. Helping a person speak rhythmically can be taught by using hand and finger movements to assist the stutterer â€Å"move along† their fluency. While this is an effective treatment for stuttering, some patients might relapse and their learned hand movements become useless and the learned tendency can then become an abnormal secondary characteristic. Although the effectiveness of therapy is unclear, the patient has the option of many treatments, and eventually a stutterer may find something that will work for them or as in many cases, the person might recover spontaneously. Stuttering is classified as a speech disorder, however there is much more to this disorder that meets the eye. Researchers are still trying to pinpoint the exact cause of stuttering but one thing they can all agree on is that the emotional pain a person with a stutter lives with can affect them for the rest of their lives, even after the disorder subsides. Aside from the anxiety, shame, and fear that go along with this speech problem, many people go ahead to live seemingly normal lives. Through out history there have been countless successful individuals who stutter, ranging from Winston Churchill to James Earl Jones which goes to show that while stuttering can be difficult to overcome it does not deter a person from reaching their fullest potential.

The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment Research Paper Example

The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment Research Paper Example The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment Paper The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment Paper Essay Topic: Biodiversity From recent studies we know that overpopulation do affects our environment. It frequently causes many types of pollution such as water pollution,air pollution,land pollution,noise pollution . Len addition,overpopulation also threat to the biodiversity. To solve this problem,only a sustainable approach toward conserving what currently exists as natural resources could counteract the detrimental effects of overpopulation on the natural world. The Effects of Overpopulation on Environment Talking about pollution, nobodys holy. They who polluted, sinned against nature(Toby Beta). The problem of pollution has become increasingly widespread and potentially more harmful. The main cause for the increase in pollution is that Earths pollution grow larger everyday. Human sometime do something without noticing the impact that will result. They gradually become the enemy who destroy environment. Almost all human activities impact actively the environment in one form or another, and as human population expands, the damaging effects on the environment multiply. Here are some environmental problems that result from human population growth: water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, noise pollution and loss of biodiversity. Overpopulation is one of the main reasons causing water pollution. Population growth usually increases demand for water in living, labouringly, In the same time, we release a large amount of rubbish into the environment especially for rivers, lakes, More than 95% urban sewage in developing Mounties is discharged untreated into the nearest water or field. The main contributors are factories and open mines, discarding waste water with heavy metal, toxic substances and solid waste, which are virtually impossible to purity. In addition, the situation is even worse when it comes to ocean exploitation. Overflowing changes the balance is coastal ecosystems and decreases fish population. Sometimes it might even lead to extinction of certain marine species. Overflowing also damages coral reefs, because it allows algae to overgrow them. It turns out that the ocean is the ultimate airbag dump because eventually all of the sewage, sediment from forest clearing, fertilizer and pesticide run-off flow into it. It is important to preserve the ocean, not only because it is an important source of food, but also because it plays a major role in climate regulation. The circulation Of cold and warm water protects the earth from extreme temperature fluctuations. In addition, oceans absorbs be;en 30 and 40% of the CO given off as a result of human activity, thus keeping global warming at stake. Another effect of overpopulation on environment is air population. We know that the population growth means that the human impact on the environment will be more and more. Many things we do affect the air and the climate we live in. For example, burning of fossil fuels such as coal and petrol. It releases a lot of pollutants into the atmosphere like sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide which have various environmental effects such as Greenhouse Effect. The quantity of Greenhouse Effect gases has increased significantly, its causing a rise in temperature on the Earths surface (Global warming). Besides, everyday human activities such as dry cleaning, filling your car with gas and decreasing ND painting operations. These activities add gases and particles to the air we breathe. When these gases and particles accumulate in the air in high enough concentrations, they can harm us and our environment. More people in cities and surrounding counties means more cars, trucks, industrial and commercial operations, and generally means more pollution. It may cause air pollution by the fumes and exhaust coming from the tail pipe. It will go to the air and when we breathe it in, we could get sick. For instance, in China, air pollution problems are occurring serious. Last July 2009, air pollution has lead o cancer and repository disease. It caused 2 million deaths per year in the worldwide. Land pollution is also a common thing and it happens dues to the increasing population. Population growth results increases the demand for food production. Since the arable land in many Of the overpopulated regions is limited, farmers begin to cultivate dry, hilly, nutrient-poor areas that are not very suitable for farming. Exploiting such lands makes them easily susceptible to erosion and loss of nutrients. For example, in search for farmland in Indonesia, peasants have been planting their crops on steep slopes. As a result, almost one half of Javas land is now in danger of erosion. Globally, the statistics are even more frightening. It is estimated that 1. 2 billion hectares of land, approximately the size of Europe, U. S. And Mexico combined, have lost much of their agricultural output capability in the last 50 years. Besides, land can become polluted by household garbage and by industrial waste. In 2010, Americans produced about 250 million tons of garbage consisting of product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint and batteries. Thats about 4. 3 pounds of waste per person per day. There are lots of non-biodegradable waste including containers, bottles and cans made of plastic. Dumping of toxic materials such as chemicals and paints makes the areas surrounding the industries look very fifth. Although domestic and industrial waste are collected and recycled or burnt incinerators, a large amount of rubbish is left untreated. These are then dumped into grounds, leading to land pollution. As well as these pollution, noise pollution is one of the serious damages caused by overpopulation. To serve for humankinds,in the past few years, the rate of automobile manufacturing has increased manifold. Traffic problems created by these vehicles is an important source of noise pollution. Sound produced by the exhaust systems of trucks, autos, buses, motorcycles, etc. Cause a lot of noise. The noise created by a bus or truck is 10-15 times that of a car. SE of diesel which results into high airborne vibration emission is one of the reasons why trucks and buses cause greater amount of noise. Besides, most of us may think of loud assembly lines or construction sites when we hint of noise pollution in the workplace, and while these examples definitely apply, regular offices are not immune. With more people packed into busy office spaces, office noise is a common problem. Co-workers who talk, drum their fingers on the desk, or offer other distracting noises can decrease the productivity of those around them without realizing it. Another problem is home sound. For example, a family with many members would make more noise clouding different sounds like talking, laughing, crying, alarms, Furthermore, people are surrounded by gadgets and use them extensively in our daily life. Gadgets like W, mobile, mixer grinder, pressure cooker, vacuum cleaners, washing machine and dryer, cooler, air conditioners are minor contributors to the amount of noise that is produced but it affects the quality of life of your neighborhood in a bad way. The continued increase human population is having negative effect on our biodiversity. All of the previously described effects of overpopulation on the environ meet lead to the destruction of the natural habitat of many wildlife species. The natural flora and fauna have been under constant pressure to adapt to a quickly changing environment. Since they have been unable to do so, they have been displaced from their natural ecological niche. The constant clearing of the Amazon forest has had devastating effect on many rare tropical species. It has been estimated that 10% of the species in the region have become extinct. In addition, over-exploitation is also a large problem for wildlife. For example, every year over 80 million fish are caught for human consumption. Sometimes the way that the fishing is done destroys marine habitats and catches many other marine animals by accident On the other hand, to meet he demand of human, thousand of plants and animals are take from our nature habitats everyday to be sold, traded or make into various products including gifts. For example, ivory from elephant tusks, coral, sea turtle shells are popular souvenirs that threaten species other products; medicines can also be made using threatened and endangered animals, tiger bone was offend used to help relieve swelling and paint. All of the above environmental issues clearly indicate that the natural assets that humans take for granted are in grave danger. Most of the damage on the environment caused by unman expansion is long-lasting and In some cases permanent.

Worked Empirical Formula Chemistry Problem

Worked Empirical Formula Chemistry Problem The empirical formula of a chemical compound gives the ratio of elements, using subscripts to indicate the number of each atom. Its also known as the simplest formula. Here is how to find the empirical formula, with an example: Steps for Finding the Empirical Formula You can find the empirical formula of a compound using percent composition data. If you know the total molar mass of the compound, the molecular formula usually can be determined as well. The easiest way to find the formula is: Assume you have 100 g of the substance (makes the math easier because everything is a straight percent).Consider the amounts you are given as being in units of grams.Convert the grams to moles for each element.Find the smallest whole number ratio of moles for each element. Empirical Formula Problem Find the empirical formula for a compound consisting of 63% Mn and 37% O Solution for Finding the Empirical Formula Assuming 100 g of the compound, there would be 63 g Mn and 37 g OLook up the number of grams per mole for each element using the Periodic Table. There are 54.94 grams in each mole of manganese and 16.00 grams in a mole of oxygen.63 g Mn Ãâ€" (1 mol Mn)/(54.94 g Mn) 1.1 mol Mn37 g O Ãâ€" (1 mol O)/(16.00 g O) 2.3 mol O Find the smallest whole number ratio by dividing the number of moles of each element by the number of moles for the element present in the smallest molar amount. In this case, there is less Mn than O, so divide by the number of moles of Mn: 1.1 mol Mn/1.1 1 mol Mn2.3 mol O/1.1 2.1 mol O The best ratio is Mn:O of 1:2 and the formula is MnO2 The empirical formula is MnO2